THE CASH FLOW CYCLE
1. The US Army orders 100,000 uniform blouses from Low Bid, Inc. at $1 per blouse and agrees to pay progress payments of $50k, $20k, and $20k, remainder on delivery. Low Bid rents its plant, but equipment and other fixed assets cost $30k. The resulting financial situation is shown on Balance Sheet 1:

ASSETS

.

LIABILITIES

.

Current Assets

Cash

 

$20k

Current Liabilities

Prepaid Sales

 

$50k

Fixed Assets

Plant and
Equipment

 

$30k

 

 

.
.
.
.

TOTAL LIABILITY

$50k

TOTAL ASSETS

$50k

TOTAL LIABILITY &
NET WORTH

$50k

2. In preparation for manufacturing activity, Low Bid buys $20k worth of cotton cloth on terms of 30 days and spends $20k to cut it. Of this 20k, half is paid in cash and the rest is owed in the form of accrued wages.

ASSETS

.

LIABILITIES

.

Current Assets

Cash
Work-in-progress Inventories
[Material]
[Labor]

 

$10k
 
$40k
[$20k]
[$20k]

Current Liabilities

Prepaid Sales
Accounts Payable
Accrued Wages Payable

 

$50k
$20k
 
$10k

Fixed Assets

Plant and
Equipment

 

$30k

 

 

.
.
.
,

TOTAL LIABILITY

$80k

TOTAL ASSETS

$80k

TOTAL LIABILITY &
NET WORTH

$80k

3. To complete the blouses, additional labor costs of $20k are incurred and paid in cash. In the meantime, the next two progress payments come in from the USA.

ASSETS

.

LIABILITIES

.

Current Assets

Cash
Finished goods Inventories
[Material]
[Labor]

 

$30k
$60k
[$20k]
[$40k]

Current Liabilities

Prepaid Sales
Accounts Payable
Accrued Wages Payable

 

$90k
$20k
 
$10k

Fixed Assets

Plant and
Equipment

 

$30k

 

 

.
.
.
.

TOTAL LIABILITY

$120k

TOTAL ASSETS

$120k

TOTAL LIABILITY &
NET WORTH

$120k

4. Low Bid ships the blouses to the USA, invoicing the Army for the remaining 10k to be paid in 30 days. Accrued wages and accounts payable are also paid. The rent comes due.

ASSETS

.

LIABILITIES

.

Current Assets

Accounts Receivable

 

$10k

Current Liabilities

Accounts payable [rent]

 

$10k

Fixed Assets

Plant and
Equipment

 

$30k

TOTAL LIABILITY

$10k

.
.

CAPITAL

$30k

TOTAL ASSETS

$40k

TOTAL LIABILITY &
NET WORTH

$40k

PROBLEM SET #1

1.

Using the information presented below, prepare the following:

a.

An end of the year balance sheet

b.

An income statement for the year

c.

A statement of cash receipts and disbursements for the year

d.

A sources and uses of funds statement

2.

Beginning of the year balance sheet:

Assets, current:

Cash

177k

Prop. tax rec.

200k

Materials and supplies

50k

Assets, long-term:

Real property, plant

10,000k

Accumulated deprec.*

*Estimated at $3050 yr

 

( 3,050k)

Total Assets

7,377

Liabilities, current:

Accounts payable

35k

Liabilities, long-term:

Accrued pensions**

**Estimated using standard actuarial tables

500k

Principal on 20 yr note

6,000k

Total Liabilities

6,535

Fund Balance/Operating Capital

842k

Total Liabilities & Fund Bal.

7,377

2.

Financial Events:

a.

During the year, the municipality levied $2.1M in property taxes, $1.9M were collected, and $50k back taxes were also collected.

b.

The municipality performed $600k worth of services that were state reimbursable; the state paid $575k.

c.

During the year, employees and contractors were paid $1.8M for services rendered; payment was in cash. In addition, employees accrued $180k in pensions and other benefits and $45k of existing liabilities were discharged.

d.

The municipality was billed $265k for rent; $165k was paid in cash.

e.

During the year, the municipality purchased $400k in materials and supplies (all of which were delivered), paid its outstanding accounts of $35k, and paid $165k for the materials it received. It consumed $425k in materials and supplies during the year.

f.

Interest on outstanding debt in the amount of $230k came due during the year; this amount was paid in full.

g.

The municipality also issued $2.95M in 20 yr. maturity bonds. This amount was received in cash and the cash was used to acquire a building, for which the municipality paid a sum of $3M.

 

JOURNAL

(Debits | uses of funds | iA+dL+dC = dA+iL+iC | sources of funds | Credits)

Entry
page
debit
credit
1.
Accounts receivable
2
2100
Income (property taxes)
8
2100
2.
Cash
1
1950
Accounts receivable
2
1950
3.
Accounts receivable
2
600
Income (state reimbursements)
8
600
4.
Cash
1
575
Accounts receivable
2
575
5.
Expense (personal services, wages)
8
1800
Accounts payable
4
1800
6.
Accounts payable
4
1800
Cash
1
1800
7.
Expense (personal services, benefits)
8
180
Pension liability
6
180
8.
Pension liabilities (discharged)
6
45
Cash
1
45
9.
Expense (rent)
8
265
Accounts payable
4
265
10.
Accounts payable
4
165
Cash
1
165
11.
Materials and supplies inventory
3
400
Accounts payable
4
400
12.
Accounts payable
4
200
Cash
1
200
13.
Expense (materials consumed)
8
425
Materials and supplies inventory
3
425
14.
Expense (interest)
8
230
Cash
1
230
15.
Cash
1
2950
Long-term debt
7
2950
16.
Real estate, plant & equipment
5
3000
Cash
1
3000
17.
Expense (depreciation)
8
305
Plant & equipment (depreciation)
5
305

LEDGER
(in thousands of dollars)
Page 1: Cash

[2] 1950
[4] 575
[15] 2950
1800 [6]
45 [8]
165 [10]
200 [12]
230 [14]
3000 [16]
$5475 receipts
$5440 disbursements

receipts - disbursements = $5475 - $5440

= change in cash = $35

Page 2: Accounts receivable

[1] 2100
[3] 600
1950 [2]
575 [4]
$2700
$2525
change in AR = $175

Page 3: Materials and Supplies inventories

[11] 400
425 [13]
change in M&S = ($25)

Page 5: Long-Term Assets

[16] 3000

305 [17]

change in LTA + 2695

Page 4: Accounts Payable

[6] 1800
[10] 165
[12] 200
1800 [5]
265 [9]
400 [11]
$2165
$2465

change in AP = $300

Page 6: Pension Liabilities

[8] 45
180 [7]

change in PL = $135

Page 7: Long-term debt

2950 [15]

change LTD = $2950

Page 8: Income or Operating Statement

Expenses
[5] 1800
[7] 180
[9] 265
[13] 425
[14] 230
[17] 305
Revenue
2100 [1]
600 [3]
 
3205
2700

Surplus (Deficit) = Revenue - Expenses

= change in operating capital (change in FB)

= ($505) 

SOLUTION TO PROBLEM SET #1

Beginning of the year
Balance Sheet
Uses of
Funds
Sources
of Funds
End of the year
Balance Sheet

Current Assets
Cash

177

35

212

AR

200

175

375

M&S

 50

25

 

25

Total CA

427

612

Long-term Assets
RP, P&E

10,000

3,000

13,000

Accum. Dep.

(3,050)

305

(3,355)

Total Assets

7,377

10,257

Liabilities:
AP

35

300

335

PL

500

135

635

LTD

6,000

2,950

8,950

Operating Capital (FB)

842

(505)*

337

Total Liab & FB

7,377

10,257

3,715

3,715

* (505) = Change in Fund balance (deficit)